Healthcare Essays - Organ Transplantation, Medical Ethics

Healthcare In today's fast-paced world where technology rules, the medical profession is also advancing. In 1991, 2,900 liver transplants were performed in the United States while there were 30,000 canidates for the procedure in the United States alone (Heffron, T. G., 1993). Due to shortages of available organs for donation/transplantation, specifically livers, once again science has come to the rescue. Although the procedure is fairly new in the United States, the concept of living organ donation is fast growing. Living related liver transplantion was first proposed as a theoretical entity in 1969 but it was not until almost twenty years later that the procedure became a clinical reality (Heffron, T. G., 1993). Living related liver transplants have mainly been performed in the United States and Japan until recently. In 1991 Europe began trying to institute the procedure. The first transplant of this type took place in 1989 (Broelsch, C. E., Burdelski, M., Rogiers, X., Gundlach, M., Knoefel, W. T., Langwieler, T., Fischer, L., Latta, A., Hellwege, H., Schulte, F., Schmiegel, W., Sterneck, M., Greten, H., Kuechler, T., Krupski, G., Loeliger, D., Kuehnl, P., Pothmann, W., & Schulte Am Esch, J., 1994). This concept still has many areas that have not yet been explored in depth and there are sensitive issues involved that need to be addressed. Live organ donation came about as a means to solve the problem of the absence of a donor. Many people die every year while waiting for a donor organ and many others suffer because of complications linked to finding a suitable donor. Before live organ donation most available organs were harvested/transplanted from cadavers. This procedure has problems of its own. Complications include(a) suitable match, (b) legalities, (c) family not wanting to donate organs, and (d) time. With live organ donation a suitable match should be easier to obtain and time should be able to be controlled to some extent. With live organ donor transplantation, "...the organ-damaging hemodynamic instabiility associated with the death of the donor is avoided, and the coordinated scheduling of operations in the donor and recipient holds ex vivo organ ischemia to a minimum" (Singer, P. A., Siegler, M., Whitington, P. F., Lantos, J. D., Emond, J. C., Thistlethwaite, J. R., & Broelsch, C. E., 1989, p. 620). Prior to receiving a donor organ, recipients may be experiencing a variety of signs and symptoms related to their disease process. These can include(a) jaundice, (b) ascites, (c) GI bleed, (d) ECG changes, (e) malaise, (f) encephalopathy, (g) body image changes, and (h) fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Disease process is specific to the individual. Once the need for transplant has been established the search for a donor can begin. There are a multitude of steps involved in the procedure. Some of these include(a) evaluation to determine the need for transplant, (b) search for a suitable donor who is willing to donate, (c) evaluation of the donor, (d) obtaining the proper consent, and (e) mapping out the plan of care for both donor and recipient. Due to legalities and ethical conflicts, the acceptance of live organ donor transplantation is questionable. Those families and volunteer participants must meet several criteria in order to be considered for a live liver donor. Once someone decides that they want to be a donor they must first under go a medical and psychiatric evaluation. The medical portion of the evaluation includes(a) compatible blood type, (b) no history of liver disease, (c) normal results of liver function tests, (d) appropriate size of left liver lobe on CT scan, (e) no vascular anomalies on hepatic arteriography, and (f) low operative risk. The psychiatric portion of the evaluation must find that the donor is at low risk for psychological decompensation and involves obtaining informed consent. Donor's consent can be influenced by three areas, these include(a) internal pressure, (b) external pressure, and (c) urgency of medical situation. All institutions have their own individual protocols for obtaining consent but many do require a wait period between consent and procedure. This provides the donor with time to change their decision, and after all these areas have been addressed the donor and recipient are prepared for surgery. The procedure involves donation of the left lateral lobe, which is the safest anatomical resection (Jones, J., Payne, W. D., & Matas, A. J., 1993). The surgeries are performed simultaneously and may take several hours depending upon the experience of the transplant team and the possibility of complications. Common complications include(a) arterial thrombosis, (b) bile leaks, (c) infection, and (d) stricture at the biliary enteric anastomosis (Wise, B. V., 1994). During the post-operative stage

Pluto, Lord of the Ancient Underworld

Pluto, Lord of the Ancient Underworld Pluto is often considered King of the Underworld in Roman mythology. How did we get from Hades, Greek god of the underworld, to Pluto? Well, according to Cicero, Hades had a bunch of epithets (pretty common for an ancient god), which included Dis, or the rich, in Latin; in Greek, that translated to Plouton. So basically Pluto was a Latinization of one of Hadess Greek nicknames.  The name Pluto is more common in Roman mythology, so it is sometimes said that Pluto is the Roman version of the  Greek god Hades. Pluto was a god of riches, which is etymologically connected with his name. As Cicero notes, he got his money because all things fall back into the earth and also arise from the earth.  Since mining digs up wealth from under the earth, Pluto came to be associated with the Underworld. This made it possible to refer to a god Pluto ruling a land of the dead called Hades, named for its Greek overlord. Like many deities associated with death, Pluto received his moniker because it was one associated with the more positive aspects of his character. After all, if you had to pray to a god of the underworld, would you really want to invoke death over and over again? So, as Plato has Socrates recount in his  Cratylus, People in general appear to imagine that the term Hades  is connected with the invisible (aeides) and so they are led by their fears  to call the God Pluto instead. This nickname became increasingly popular in Greece thanks to the Eleusinian Mysteries, initiation rites into the cult of the goddess Demeter, mistress of the harvest. As the story goes, Hades/Pluto abducted Demeters daughter, Persephone (also called Kore, or maiden) and wound up keeping her as his wife in the underworld for most of the year. In the mysteries, Hades/Pluto becomes a personification of his mother-in-laws bounty, a benevolent deity and protector and a possessor of great wealth, rather than an evil uncle/abductor. His riches wound up including not only the stuff  under  the Earth but the stuff on top of it - i.e., Demeters bountiful crops. Edited  by Carly Silver.

Educational differences in public institutes and in private institute Literature review

Educational differences in public institutes and in private institute - Literature review Example Hein (2004) noted that at the inception of the education system all institutions were public institutions and there was only an option of private tuition for interested students, which was offered to them as remedial classes. However, due to sharp criticism mostly only the quality of public institution education there was emergence of private institutions, which evaded some State regulations but endured for quality education for its students (Heller, 2001). Particularly in the United Kingdom, private institutions were first established in the 19th century by the Roman Catholic parish as a counter attack to the alleged dominance of protestant religious ideas and politicians in the public institution system. It is due to this fact that most private institutions in the UK are Catholic owned (Wilson, 2013). Over the recent past, the numbers of private institutions both secondary and tertiary have sharply increased and this is attributed to the increased benefits that private institutions offer as compared to public institutions. This thesis statement for this literature review runs on the opinion that private institutions have higher education standards as compared to public institutions; secondly, the educational curriculum of private institutions is much wider compared to public institutions. Thirdly, private institutions are also well endowed with superior facilities unlike public institutions and lastly, private institutions have low student-teacher ratio as compared to public institutions (Lance, 2010). According to the figures from the United Kingdom’s Department of Education, they show that generally, private institutions perform better than public institutions, and this fact is substantiated by higher performance in national/common exams, whereby students from private institutions dominate the top spots. This asserts that private institutions offer higher education standards as compared to

Identification of Micro-Organisms Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Identification of Micro-Organisms - Term Paper Example As micro-organisms have a colorless natural state when viewed through a light microscope, the organisms must be stained in order to be visible. Staining imparts a color to the micro-organisms’ by the reaction of the dye with certain structures of the microorganism (Tortora, 2006, p69) A simple stain is alcohol or aqueous based solution of a singular basic dye and its main purpose is to highlight an entire micro-organism in order for its cellular shapes and basic structure to be observed under a microscope (Tortora, 2006, p69). In this experiment, methyl blue was used as the simple stain to view microbes obtained from cheek and tooth-scraping. The illustrations on page 3 under the heading ‘Scientific Drawing 2’ shows the images that were observed. Figures 1.5 at x400 magnification and 1.6 at x1000 are scientific drawings of the eukaryotic epithelium cells obtained from a human cheek. When viewed at x1000 magnification most of the internal structures of the cells got from the cheek could be seen under a light microscope. Figures 2.3 and 2.4 are scientific drawings of prokaryotic bacterial cells obtained from human teeth scrapings. The bacterial cells, which are approx 1Â µm in diameter, are much smaller in comparison to the human cheek cell and hence the internal structures could not be observed even at x1000 magnification. Unlike simple stains, differential stains react differently with each bacteria and therefore can be used to differentiate between each type of bacteria (Tortora, 2006, p69) The most commonly used differential stains are Gram stain and Acid fast stains and the staining procedures involve several steps. In this experiment, Gram stain was used to distinguish between gram positive and gram negative bacteria, taken from a vaginal and a urine specimen. Figures 3.1and 3.2 are scientific drawings of gram positive and gram negative bacteria respectively as viewed under a light microscope at x1000 magnification.

Contribution of Shakespeare to Modern Literature Essay

Contribution of Shakespeare to Modern Literature - Essay Example Shakespeare's main arena included one where he affected people through his intellectual, yet seemingly ordinary and therefore, easily accessible message. Shakespeare managed to imbibe a sense of physical action into the rather static state of affairs in the thearetical scene upon his arrival. Also, he was phenomenal as far as creating symbolic instead of purely realistic plots were concerned. In this context, writers of modern day literature have avidly followed his lead by experimenting with real life scenarios to twist and turn them to trasmit a meassge. The striking characteristic of Shakespeare's work lies in its ability to simply transport a person to unknown lands and their unusual elements. Even when writing of the violence Literature ridden times of England or the discriminatory attitude that prevailed among many at that time, he tells a story of dreams and hope. Invariably, writers today follow this basic format in modern literature where there is always a struggle with hope complementing it and finally - the hero takes the cake. Shakespeare actually introduced the world and thereby inducted the modern literary scene, into the traditional rough it out till the end mode of writing. (Harold, 2003) The best part about Shakespeare's plays is that the characters are studies in cultural and societal nuances. Try Shylock from The Merchant of Venice. This money lending Jew fit the typified framework which was associated with the cunning community at that time and Shylock with his dialogues and choice of words became a huge hit merely because he was just like them and yet different in the way he had been portrayed in lieu of the situations that surrounded him as a father. These kinds of characterisations have come to signify the blueprint for all... This paper stresses that it is difficult for most scholars of his work to decide whether his sonnets have more punch or his plays have more of his sense of unparalleled imagination. As far as his style of writing is concerned, his nuances and detailing have been a benchmark for many a writer. On a more personal note, William Shakespeare’s life reflects the story of a boy from a provincial town who made it to the top without any money or connections to support his talent or dreams. Besides influencing the theaterical scene in more ways than one, Shakespeare has been creadited with the creation of the most splendid plays the world has ever seen. He had the power to revolutionalise theatre and he actually achieved that aim with the creation of the most admired plays in Western Literature. This report makesa conclusion that most modern writers have been found to draw inspiration from Shakespeare’s work which promoted them to demonstrate deeper understanding of elements like art and music in one’s everyday. With Shakespeare’s entertaining yet informative and rather realistic style, most writers of modern literature have found to understand areas like art and music which they have imbibed in their work, to reflect the struggles and issues of the time and other general problem areas like cultural suppression, violence and political power.

The Massive Influence On The Indian Society Religion Essay

The Massive Influence On The Indian Society Religion Essay Caste as we have discussed before is a wide area to look into. It has massive influence on the Indian society in its own way. Though it was officially banned in India there still remains a part of it in the minds of Indian people. It has been much seen in rural areas than in urban areas as the people in urban area are more educated. As a part of this there have situations of lower caste being abused even now in certain regions. Practicing untouchability and caste differentiation is legally forbidden in India. Caste system leads to what is called a social exclusion. It means the inability of an individual to participate in the basic political, economic and social functioning of society (Thorat,S,Newman,K.(2007).pg4121). Entitlements to all theses powers become narrower as it moves farther down to the hierarchical levels of the caste system. Jobs usually regarded as degrading are usually done by the lower caste (dalits) and the best example being the manual scavenging. Manual scavengin g is the worst surviving symbol of caste untouchability in India which drives people into degrading jobs just because their birth in particular class. According to one of the leading newspapers in India, The Hindu, there has been an incident of a woman who was born into a family of manual scavenging who physically scraped the human excreta on the latrine floors and carried it away in a basket. While doing her work she slipped from a narrow wooden staircase and broke her foot to which none of her employers were willing to lift her even in this state just because they thought touching her was polluting. She was then picked up by a pincer of logs and her family took her to the local dispensary. Such sickening behaviour of the individuals is as result of the caste system or it can be even termed as evils of caste system. Government of India took steps to outlaw this practice but however these governments have a long tradition of insolently disobeying their own laws if they are pertainin g to uphold the rights of the poor. Finally an extraordinary campaign named the Safai Karmchari Andolan(SKA) used non-violent mass-resistance, community organisation and the courts to force governments to end this centuries old practice.(The Hindu, May 9.2010) In the western countries like United Kingdom, it is commonly found that people end up marrying the people they work with. But this has not been the case with the Indians. In modern corporate India when people enter into an organisation they do not have the intention of getting married with the people they work with. Moreover they share the relation that of a friend. But that does not mean that none of them end up getting married. I come from a state called Kerala which is situated in down south of India and there are people from lower caste who are educated and hold a white collar job. Some of them might end up marrying their colleague who may not be from the same caste or even from the same religion. This change of attitude in people of Kerala is more or less due to the education and knowledge given to them. To go a little deeper into the prevalence of caste in Kerala back in period, I like to bring to notice a saint and a social reformer named Sree Narayana Guru who battled against the discrimination of the lower caste by upper caste. The caste system was rampant in Kerala during the 19th and early part of 20th century. As mentioned before caste was based on the job each one did. A lower caste had to go through a number of rules such as one should not enter temples, not allowed to wear slippers, should not be seen within a certain distance of the upper caste. Anyone defying these rules are subject to hideous punishment s like cutting of hands etc. All this outrageous acts by the upper caste was put to an end by this great soul Sree Narayana guru who led a social revolution against this terrible system. However, this movement by this great soul infuriated only the extremely orthodox but was accommodated by the majority (M.S.Joe,March 18.2010). This revolution was perhaps one of the most nonviolent revolutions the world would have ever experienced. He built temples and wrote hymns which could be used by people in any religion. The government thus changed their legislation wherein the lower castes were allowed to enter temples run by upper caste. This temple entry proclamation was equally accepted by people throughout India including the the Christians and the Muslims(Govt of Kerala. Accessed on 7-7-2010) .Later on he opened the gates of education by building schools where everyone could attend the sessions and thus produced a high proportion of educated people. Though he masterminded this entire peaceful social revolution and achieved freedom for the unprivileged he is little known outside Kerala (Sree Narayana guru Mission of the UK, 1978.accessed on 1-7-2010). Caste does not pose a great problem in the present scenario. These have been situations were a high caste and a lower caste work together without any chaos. In an organisation, a lower caste can be a manager and a Brahmin can be in the lower cadre and this is entirely based on the talent and skill of the employee and caste system does not actually come in the way. This is the case of modern India thanks to the valuable education system. But when it comes to politics within the organization there may be biasness happening between different individuals of the same caste or religion. However this could been seen across the world and not just in India. A question might come up in the minds of Non-Indians regarding the functioning of caste system in India which accommodates people with different concepts and ideas of the same. I would like to throw some light on this issue by illustrating certain events that have been happening in India which shows that the two ideologies of caste being i mportant and unimportant co-exists in this same country. In spite of the proclamation of temple entry made by the Maharaja of Travancore in Kerala sixty years ago, there are still issues happening around relating to the caste system. To bolster this argument, an incident that happened in Kerala, where one of the famous playback singers named Yesudas who is a catholic was denied the entry into one of the famous temples in a district in Kerala. The reason him being a non-hindu and the irony behind this is that the temple authorities still plays the songs sung by him in the temple though they may restrict his entry into the temple. Another such incident was witnessed by the people of Kerala when the Union minister for Overseas Indian Affairs Vayalar Ravi was humiliated or rather saddened due to the fact that a ceremonial purification was done in the temple after he had his grandsons ceremonial first feeding. The reason being his wife who was a Christian is supposed to have polluted the temple by her visit (India today, June 18.2007). This purification was done by the high priests of the temple who are the Brahmins. There are issues happening in northern India as well. There was an issue which dates back to 1936 before India got its Independence from the colonial British rule. An untouchable in a village called Chawara in the Jaipur state was beaten up because of the fact that he gave a dinner to his fellow untouchables where he served Ghee which was considered as a luxury for the rich(Dr.Ambedkar.B.R,(1944).Accessed on 7-7-2010). Such disheartening practices are not to be seen now though a glimpse of it still remains in rural parts of India. It is distressing that such system does exist today to a certain extent due to a certain extremely orthodox section of the society. However this small segment is being alienated in the present scenario because of their conventional attitude. Going back to the caste system and marriages in India, as we discussed before, arranged marriages are accepted more than love marriages. To support the above judgment I would like to bring forth an example of how Indian families find spouses for their children. This is quoted from a matrimony site where a profile of a girl is registered in that particular site for the purpose of marriage. About Me Sangita is my second daughter and a Microbiologist by profession. She is a simple, well mannered girl, with a kind and compassionate nature.Homely and well versed with household responsibilities. She had the best of schooling and college education available here in Bangalore. She is employed in a leading Bio-Tech Company in Bangalore. She grew up under a joint family environment. Primary Information Age 27  Yrs Height 5  Ft  4   In / 163 Cms Weight 54 Kgs / 119 lbs Body Type Average Complexion Fair Blood Group B+ Mother Tongue Malayalam Physical Status Normal Socio-Religious Background Religion Hindu Caste Ezhava Sub Caste Ezhava Star Eating Habits Non Vegetarian Horoscope Match Must Smoking habits Non-smoker Drinking habits Non-drinker Zodiac Capricorn Educational Professional Information Education Category Masters Arts/ Science/ Commerce Education in Detail MSc.Microbiology Employed in Private Sector Occupation Scientist / Researcher Occupation in Detail Microbiologist Annual Income Rs.  1,50,000 Family Details Family Values Traditional Family Type Nuclear family Family Status Upper middle class Ancestral Origin Mayyanad/Kollam Fathers Occupation Retired PSU Manager Mothers Occupation Housewife No of Siblings 1 About My Family The family is settled in Bangalore for more than 50yrs.We have many relatives both here and in Kerala. My elder daughter is married and settled in Perth/Australia along with her husband and their newborn son. We are simple, God fearing and have liberal views. After my VRS from a leading PSU, I am self employed in a Small Business dealing in Watches, Solarlamps and Ayurvedic/herbal products. My wife is a teacher by profession but chose to be a housewife .Sangita is simple and homely girl,well mannered and trained to be a responsible wife. Soft-spoken, systematic and disciplined in her work. Partner Preference Specifications Age 28 33 Yrs Height 5 Ft 6 In 6 Ft Marital status Unmarried Physical Status Normal Mother Tongue Malayalam Educational and Professional Preference Bachelors Engineering/ Computers, Masters Engineering/ Computers, Masters Arts/ Science/ Commerce/ M Phil/ Others, Management BBA/ MBA/ Others Annual Income Any Occupation Any About My Partner A Qualified Professional, with clean habits, good health and a sense of responsibility. Honest and easy going by nature. Having a sense of humour. God fearing ,compassionate and considerate .Focused and hardworking to attain his goals in life. Assistance will be provided to relocate to Australia if interested. Socio-Religious Preference Religion Hindu Caste/Division Ezhava Star Not Specified Eating Habits Doesnt matter Smoking Habits Not Specified Drinking Habits Not Specified (Bharat Matrimony. Accessed on 7-7-2010) The above illustration clearly states that caste does a play its part when it comes to marriages. This phenomenon would be completely alien for a Westerner who does not pass through such stages to find their partner. On the personal front, I come from a Hindu family under the sub caste called Ezhava. Talking about inter- caste and inter-religious marriage, I do have a Christian and a Brahmin members in my fathers and mothers family respectively. This might create confusion in the mind of the reader whether Caste system was not being followed strictly even twenty to thirty year back. Conversely, I do not mind saying that I will not be allowed to marry someone outside my religion. Therefore it can be seen that it is the same family which allows inter caste marriage and also at the same time restricts it. At this juncture, I opine that the existence of caste system to an extent depends on an individuals perception he or she holds. It is not always right to say that Indians are adamant i n following this system. Moving on to the effect of caste system on the corporate world, I would say that it has hardly any effect on the working of MNCs or any other organisations in India. Talking to folks and friends back home, it can be understood that in organisations like Infosys, Wipro etc it hardly matters what caste you belong to as long as you have the talent and skill to perform the job. This changing attitude of the present generations is due to the valuable education being given. This lets them think out of the box and not emulate the traditional practice which was intolerable at that point of time. As a matter of fact, nowadays there is no restriction on the selection of jobs because one belongs to a particular caste. A middle class family or people belonging to the so called Sudra caste can afford to have doctors or engineers or even scientists evolving, provided he or she has the expertise and ability to do it. To bolster the above argument, I would like to quote a s triking example which happened in India few years back when a dalit man named K.R.Narayanan originally from Kerala was elected as the President of India from year 1997 2002(Britannica encyclopedia, Accessed 8 July 2010). He hails from an untouchable family where his father was a traditional healer and could not afford a good education. In spite of this he came up the ladder because of his hard work and talent and occupied the most competent post of becoming the President of a Nation. He was the first dalit member to occupy this post. (BBC news, 9 November 2005).Currently one of the states in India called Uttar Pradesh has a dalit women as the Chief Minister. From the above illustration it can be evidently seen that caste system does not come in the way of a person while choosing his profession in the modern corporate India. However this modern corporate Indian can be caste conscious in various other situations like marriages. The higher caste manager in an organisation may not have any issues in working with a low caste employee but on the other hand he would not allow his children to marry an outcast. Yet, as mentioned before, it differs from one individual to other. Hinduism has a noteworthy effect on the Indian society and spirituality is the base of a majority of Indians. The Holy book of Hindus Bhagavad Gita has the true definition of caste system that prevailed in the ancient India compared to which now the meaning of it have been distorted according to the needs of certain individuals or missionaries. To quote a verse from this Holy text and thereby find out the real meaning to the four fold caste system. Catur Varnyam maya srstam guna karma vibhagasah Tasya kartaramapi maam viddya kartaramavyayam(Bhagavad Gita,ch 4,13 sloka) The above lines says that the four- fold caste which are Brahmins, Kshatriyas,Vaishyas and Sudras have been created according to the ones own Guna(Quality) and Karma(work). They have been divided on the basis of three qualities or Gunas which are mainly Satva(Goodness), Rajas(Passion) and Tamas(Ignorance) and these are attributed to Brahmins, Kshtriyas and Vaishyas, Sudras respectively. These mental temperaments differ from person to person which makes them fall into a particular Varna or caste. However later on the power politics in the early middle ages in India, the communal feeling came up in certain individuals mind and therefore completely disregarded the meaning of the verse mentioned above. The Brahmin, who comfortably interpreted these lines according to his will and thus changed the whole idea of the caste system. The definition of varnas discussed so far not only helps in removing the present misunderstanding but also showers us with some data to recognize its true signifi cance that a person cannot be a Brahmana by mere birth but only with good deeds, intentions and thoughts that he carries along with him. It also says that he alone is a Brahmana whose thoughts are sattvik (goodness) as his actions are. A Kshatriya who is rajasik in his thoughts and deeds. A sudra who is Tamasic(ignorant) is not only one who lives a low life for satisfying his base animal passions and flesh appetites. Hindus also believe in the concept of re-incarnation which says that a persons current incarnation and experiences are at least in part, the fruit of past action (J.R. Milner Murray.1993). According to the Hindu belief, an individual is said to be born as a Brahmin if he had done good deeds in his past life and born as a lower caste if done something bad. The law of karma or merit is what is considered here. But at present there is no firm evidence that people actually live according to such concepts.

The Game of Life in Rabbit, Run Essay -- Updike Rabbit Run Essays Pape

The Game of Life in Rabbit, Run      Ã‚  Ã‚   Perhaps all our lives are simply a game, a game to which society sets the rules and to which we adapt.   In John Updike's novel, Rabbit, Run, the protagonist, Harry "Rabbit" Angstrom lives his life by the rules of the game of basketball.   Rabbit is a man who has, until the beginning of the book, played by society's rules.   But Rabbit's ambivalence is different from that of those around him; he has trouble communicating, and as a result he is often misunderstood and is constantly frustrated by the actions and expectations of others (Regehr).  Ã‚   In high school, Rabbit was a first rate basketball player and now, in his late twenties, is a middle-class man; working in a middle-class job, living in a middle-class apartment.   Though we may not choose to exist in this brown-gray environment, neither would our twenty-something protagonist, and that is precisely the point.   That we can be disgusted and frustrated along with him is what gives substantial balance to his sometimes unlikable decisions, and helps us react fairly to them (Tragic). This substandard is an immense disappointment to Rabbit's expectation that he, and his surroundings, would be of the highest classification throughout his post-high school life as they were in his days as a basketball star.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What defeats Rabbit in real life is the absence of a counter part for the basket in basketball.   Rabbit loves the games because they create and clearly define goals, the way to get points, becoming first rate, a success.   Contrastingly, the real world does not tell him what that something-that-wants-him-to-find-it is (Markle 46).   Rabbit does not have the ball, he does not have the key to the goal in his hands.   But thr... ... Secondary Sources Eiland, Howard & Thornburn, David. Twentieth Century Views: John Updike, A Collection of Critical Essays.   Copyright 1979 by Prentice Hall, Inc. Magill, Frank.   Survey of American Literature.   Vol. 6 Ste-Z 1885-2224.   Marshall Cavendish Co. New York.   Copyright 1991. Edited by Frank Magill. Markle, Joyce B.   Fighters and Lovers:   Theme In The Novels of John Updike.   Copyright 1973 by New York University. Regehr, John.   Rabbit, Run (John's Book Pages).   Copyright 1998 by John Regehr http://regent.org/books/reviews/rabbitrun.html.   04-02-00 Trachtenberg, Stanley.   New Essays on Rabbit, Run.  Ã‚   Tragic Unraveling of a High School Jock.   Reviewer: jzk.   4/13/00. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN%3D0449911639/maraspgr.../002-4808496-///380.  

Hypothesis Testing Is Undertaken Health And Social Care Essay

This chapter describes the methodological analysis used in the current survey that examines the relationship between emotional intelligence ( EI ) and burnout among nurses working in private infirmaries in Malaysia. Specifically, this chapter inside informations the research design selected by the research worker, population and sampling, trying processs, and informations aggregation method.3.2 Research DesignResearch design is a maestro program that specifies the methods and processs for roll uping and analysing informations needed for work outing a job ( Zikmund, 2003 ) . Harmonizing to Cooper and Schindler ( 2008 ) , research design is the design for aggregation, measuring, and analysis of informations. Sekaran and Bougie ( 2011 ) stated, â€Å" the research design involves a series of rational decision-making picks associating to the intent of the survey, the type of probe, the extent of research worker intervention, the survey scene, the unit of analysis, the clip skyline, the type of sample to be used every bit good as the measuring, informations aggregation methods, trying design, and informations analysis † . This survey used hypothetico-deductive method or a quantitative attack, whereby harmonizing to Creswell ( 2005 ) , a hypothetico-deductive method is â€Å" a type of educational research in which the research decides what to analyze, asks specific, narrows inquiries, collects numeral ( numbered ) informations from participants, analyzes these Numberss utilizing statistics, and conducts the enquiry in an indifferent and nonsubjective mode † . In short, hypothetico-deductive method is an enquiry into an identified job, based on proving a theory, measured with Numberss and analyzed utilizing statistical techniques. Therefore, the end of hypothetico-deductive method is to find whether the prognostic generalisations of a theory clasp true. This method besides provides a quick, cheap, efficient, and accurate agencies of measuring information about those who are involved in the survey ( Zikmund, 2003 ) . The intent of this survey was hypothesis testing. Based on the account given by Sekaran and Bougie ( 2011 ) , a hypothesis testing is undertaken to explicate the discrepancy in the dependant variable or to foretell organisational results. In this sense, the research worker wanted to cognize the nature of the relationship that may be established between EI and burnout by proving the hypothesis developed. Since the purpose of this survey is to set up a mensurable relationship between EI and burnout, thereby hypothetico-deductive attack is said to be more suited. This method is appropriate to analyze the relationship between variables and to find how much one variable contributes to the anticipation of another ( Creswell, 2005 ; Leedy & A ; Omrod, 2005 ) . Specifically, a hypothetico-deductive study method utilizing a descriptive correlativity design is used to prove the dealingss between all the variables of the survey. The correlativity research design is used when the relationships b etween variables are non considered causal, and where the relationship between two or more variables is determined ( Salkind, 2003 ) . In add-on, hypotheses are developed and tested to depict and explicate the nature of relationship between EI and burnout among the nurses working in private infirmaries. Sekaran and Bougie ( 2011 ) pointed out that the extent of intervention by the research worker with the normal of work in the workplace has a direct bearing on whether the survey undertaken is causal or correlativity. Since the correlational research was used, the survey was conducted in the natural environment of the organisation with minimum intervention by the research worker with the normal flow or work in noncontrieved scenes. In other words, informations were collected from the nurses involved in their workplace. Researcher did non alter any of the scene of their workplace whereby their day-to-day modus operandi occupations were minimally interfered when research was done. Apart from that, the informations were gathered merely one time. Hence, it was a cross-sectional survey. Figure 3.1 below shows the research design for the relevant survey. *diagram3.3 Population and SamplingThe population of research is â€Å" a group of possible participants to whom you want to generalise the consequences of the survey † ( Salkind, 2003 ) . Since there are no limited resources such as clip, cost, and human resources, it is non practical and about impossible to study the whole population. On the other manus, trying enables a research worker to garner information rapidly and besides reduces the cost and work force demands for informations aggregation. Sampling besides enables the research worker to do generalisation sing the whole population or parts of the whole population based on a little figure of elements ( Zikmund, 2003 ) . This subdivision discusses the sampling process, including population, unit of analysis, trying frame, trying design, and sample size.3.3.1 Population, Sampling Frame and Unit of AnalysisThe population for the survey consists of the staff nurses employed at three private infirmaries in Klang Valley, Mala ysia. ***3.3.2 Sampling DesignThis research focused on the private infirmaries in Klang Valley. The logic behind choosing the private infirmaries in Klang Valley is that the big and good equipment infirmaries are located in this country and they serve a higher denseness of population. The highest population densenesss are found in Kuala Lumpur, followed by Penang and Putrajaya ( 6,891, 1,490, and 1,478 individuals per square kilometer severally ) for the twelvemonth of 2010 ( Department of Statistics, Malaysia, 2012 ) . **Since the larger private infirmaries are focused in Klang Valley, they have besides higher bed capacity which is assumed to straight interpret to the figure of nurses being hired by these infirmaries. A sum of three private infirmaries in Klang Valley were selected with most of them holding a bed capacity of more than **200. Therefore, it can be assumed that rather a bulk of private infirmary nurses are located in the infirmaries in Klang Valley. Additionally, the elements that constituted as the sample of the research needed to be selected from the population. The procedure of choosing equal figure of elements from a population is called the sampling design. The major types of trying design include chance and non-probability sampling. In chance sampling, every component in the population has some known opportunities of choice whereas in non-probability sampling, the elements ‘ opportunity of being selected as sample topics is unknown ( Zikmund, 2003 ) . High generalizability of the findings and non being confidently generalizable are two specific features of chance and non-probability sampling severally ( Sekaran & A ; Bougie, 2011 ) . This survey utilised chance trying design to choose the single private infirmary staff nurses. The nurses were selected utilizing simple random trying to enable wider generalizability of the findings.3.3.3 Sample SizeThe determination about sample size is non based on a definite reply bu t depends on a figure of considerations ( Bryman & A ; Bell, 2007 ) . The sample size depends on three factors: ( 1 ) the type of informations analysis ; ( 2 ) the coveted truth of the consequences ; and ( 3 ) the population features ( Neuman, 2003 ) . Harmonizing to Sekaran and Bougie ( 2011 ) , the sample size is governed by the extent of preciseness, assurance desired, variableness in population, cost and clip restraint, and the size of population. The sample size should be big plenty to enable research workers to foretell the population parametric quantities within acceptable bounds. In general, two constituents of a good sample are its adequateness and representativeness. Since an optimum sample size besides helps in minimising the entire cost of trying mistake, hence an appropriate sample size must be chosen. Sekaran and Bougie ( 2011 ) stated a tabular array suggested by Krejcie and Morgan ( 1970 ) has greatly simplified the sample size determination to guarantee a good determination theoretical account. Since the population of this survey consist of ****xxx**** private infirmary staff nurses as identified earlier, hence based on the tabular array provided by Krejcie and Morgan, the sample size needed was at least, n=xxxx staff nurses.3.4 Data Collection MethodThis subdivision explains the method used for garnering informations. In this survey, secondary information every bit good as primary informations were involved. Secondary informations referred to the diary articles, public records, text editions, or any other information that were available for readings. From these informations, related countries and a figure of informations aggregation methods were studied and the most applicable 1s were chosen. On the other manus, primary informations resulted from a combination of two different set of questionnaires were developed specifically for each of the countries: EI and burnout. These questionnaires were combined along with the selected demographics variables. This subdivision further describes some advantages of carry oning a study utilizing questionnaires. It besides elaborates on each questionnaire that is used to mensurate the forecaster and standard variable of the current survey.3.4.1 Personally Administered QuestionnairesSurvey research workers collect quantitative and numeral informations utilizing questionnaires ( Creswell, 2005 ) . A questionnaire is â€Å" a pre-formulated written set of inquiries to which respondents record their replies within closely defined options † ( Sekaran & A ; Bougie, 2011 ) . Basically, questionnaires enable efficient informations aggregation when the research worker knows precisely what information is needed and how to mensurate the variables of the survey ( Sekaran & A ; Bougie, 2011 ) . Specifically, this survey used personally administered questionnaire studies method for informations aggregation and the instrument of the survey was developed by incorporating the points applied by the old research workers. Harmonizing to Sekaran and Bougie ( 2011 ) , the chief advantages of personally administered questionnaires include: ( 1 ) can set up resonance and motivate respondent ; ( 2 ) uncertainties can be clarified on the topographic point ; ( 3 ) less expensive and consumers less clip than questioning when administered to groups of respondents ; ( 4 ) about 100 % response rate ensured and responses could be collected within a short period of clip ; and ( 5 ) namelessness of respondent is high. To plan a good questionnaire, Sekaran and Bougie ( 2011 ) stated that it is advisable to include some negatively worded inquiries alternatively of give voicing all inquiries positively. Thereby, the inclination in respondents to automatically circle the points towards one terminal of the graduated table is minimized. Nevertheless, in instance this does still go on, the research worker has an chance to observe such prejudice. Hence, both positively and negatively worded inquiries are included in the questionnaire for current research. Apart from that, double-barrelled, equivocal, recall-dependant, prima, and loaded inquiries, every bit good as societal desirableness responses have to be avoided ( Sekaran and Bougie, 2011 ) . The sequence of inquiries should be such that the respondent is led from inquiries of a general nature to those that are more specific, and from inquiries that are comparatively easy to reply to those that are increasingly more hard ( Sekaran and Bougie, 2011 ) . An full research rests on the measuring instruments, which must be dependable, valid, and appropriate for replying the research inquiry of the survey ( Leeky & A ; Ormrod, 2005 ) . The usage of bing instruments ensures the quality of a study inquiries ( Cone & A ; Foster, 1993 ) . Using bing instruments to build a measuring questionnaire adds proved cogency, dependability, truth, and effectivity from past usage ( Creswell, 2005 ) . Therefore, the research worker adapted self-report bing instruments to mensurate all the concepts of the present research. All the self-report steps are discussed in inside informations in the undermentioned subdivisions.3.4.1.1 Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test ( SSEIT )This survey utilized the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test ( SSEIT ) ( Schutte et al. ; 1998 ) to measure the EI of the nurses working in the private infirmaries selected. SSEIT was chosen after consideration of several alternate steps of EI, including point EQ- i ( Bar-On, 1997 ) , the ECI ( Boyatzis, Goleman & A ; Rhee, 2000 ) , and the MSCEIT ( Mayer, Salovey, Caruso & A ; Sitarenios, 2003 ) . These steps were non used because they are proprietary and necessitate considerable clip to administrate. On the other manus, SSEIT provides research worker with the ability to hit the informations, does non imply cost for usage of the instrument, and is less time-consuming for the research participants. The SSEIT which besides referred as the Assessing Emotions Scale is a self-report step that measures EI as defined by Salovey and Mayer ( 1990 ) . Schutte et Al. ( 1998 ) conducted a series of surveies to develop the graduated table and to find its cogency and dependability. A factor analysis of more than 60 points suggested a one-factor solution of 33 points. This one-factor solution resulted in scale points stand foring each of the undermentioned three classs: ( 1 ) assessment and look of emotion in the ego and others ; ( 2 ) ordinance of emotion in the ego and others ; and ( 3 ) use of emotions in work outing jobs. However, the most widely used subscales derived from the 33-item SSEIT graduated table are based on factors identified by Petrides and Furnham ( 2000 ) , Ciarrochi, Chan, and Bajgar ( 2001 ) , and Saklofske, Austin, and Minski ( 2003 ) . These factor analytic surveies suggested a four-factor solution for the 33 points. The four factors are described as: ( 1 ) Percept of Emotion ( 10 points ) ; ( 2 ) Pull offing Own Emotions ( 9 points ) ; ( 3 ) Pull offing Others ‘ Emotions ( 8 points ) ; and ( 4 ) Use of Emotion ( 6 points ) ( Ciarrochi et al. , 2001 ) . The SSEIT graduated table has been used and validated in several surveies ( Petrides & A ; Furnham, 2000 ; Schutte, Malouff, Bobik, Coston, Greeson, Jedlicka, Rhodes & A ; Wendorf, 2001 ; Schutte, Malouff, Simunek, McKenley & A ; Hollander, 2002 ; Charbonneau & A ; Nocol, 2002 ) . In add-on, an internal consistence analysis with two different samples showed a Cronbach alpha of 0.90 and 0.87 ( Schutte et al. , 1998 ) . The sample points of this instrument include: â€Å" I find it difficult to understand the gestural messages of other people † for Perception of Emotion ( PE ) , â€Å" When I am faced with obstructions, I remember times I faced similar obstructions and get the better of them † for Pull offing Own Emotions ( ME ) , â€Å" I know when to talk about my personal jobs to others † for Pull offing Others ‘ Emotions ( MOE ) , and â€Å" Some of the major events of my life have led me to re-evaluate what is of import and non of import † for Utilization of Emotion ( UE ) . The SSEIT was rated on a 5-point Likert graduated table as in the original instrument with responses runing from 1 ( strongly disagree ) to 5 ( strongly agree ) .3.4.1.2 Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey ( MBI-HSS )Maslach ‘s Burnout Inventory ( MBI ) is normally used as a research tool in the current literature to mensurate the degree of burnout ( Lee, Ashforth & A ; Bla ke, 1990 ; Kanste, Miettunen & A ; Kyngas, 2006 ; Wu, Zhu, Wang, Wang & A ; Lan, 2007 ) . This survey measured nurse burnout utilizing the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey, 3rd edition ( MBI-HSS ) ( Maslach et al. , 1996 ) . MBI-HSS steps burnout among employees in human services establishments and wellness attention businesss such as nursing, societal work, psychological science, and ministry in footings of: ( 1 ) Emotional Exhaustion ( 9 points ) ; ( 2 ) Depersonalization ( 5 points ) ; and ( 3 ) Personal Accomplishment ( 8 points ) . The MBI-HSS has sound psychometric belongingss to guarantee dependability and cogency. MBI has demonstrated to hold concept cogency through the analysis of informations from a innovator instrument of 47 points administered to human service forces ( Maslach & A ; Jackson, 1981a ) . Convergent cogency surveies indicate the MBI-HSS graduated tables measure the same concept as other burnout instruments. Correlations of emotional exh austion and depersonalisation with other burnout self-report indexs are high ( rs & gt ; .50 ) , where as correlativities with personal achievement are slightly lower ( rs & gt ; .30 ) ( Schaufeli & A ; Enzmann, 1998 ) . Maslach et Al. ( 1996 ) reported internal consistence of MBI with dependability coefficients as follows: I ± = .90 for emotional exhaustion ( EE ) , I ± = .79 for depersonalisation ( DP ) , and I ± = .71 for decreased personal achievement ( PA ) . Furthermore, the test-retest dependability ranged from moderate to high. The test-retest dependability coefficients were as follows: EE ( .82 ) , DP ( .62 ) , and PA ( .80 ) . Sample points from Emotional Exhaustion ( EE ) subscale include: â€Å" I feel emotionally drained from my work. † Sample points from Depersonalization ( DP ) subscale include: â€Å" I feel I treat some patients as if they were impersonal objects. † Sample points from Personal Accomplishment ( PA ) subscale include: â€Å" I can easy understand how my patients feel about things. † Basically, nurse burnout was measured based on statements that concern feelings or attitudes about one ‘s work and how frequently those feelings occur. The frequence with which the nurses experience each point was measured on a 5-point Likert Scale anchored by Never ( 1 ) and Everyday ( 5 ) .3.4.1.3 Demographic DataIt is a affair of pick for the research worker whether inquiries seeking personal information of respondents should look at the beginning or at the terminal of the questionnaire ( Sekaran & A ; Bougie, 2011 ) . Harmonizing to Oppenheim ( 1986 ) , some research workers ask for personal informations at the terminal instead than the beginning of the questionnaire. Their logical thinking may be that by the clip the respondent reaches the terminal of the questionnaire, he or she has been convinced of the legitimacy and genuineness of the inquiries framed by the research worker and, therefore, is more inclined and conformable to portion personal information ( Sekaran & A ; Bougie, 2011 ) . On the other manus, research workers who prefer to arouse most of the personal information at the really beginning may speak up that one time respondents have shared some of their personal history, they may hold psychologically identified themselves with the questionnaire, and may experience a committedness to react ( Sekaran & A ; Bougie, 2011 ) . Both these methods of seeking personal information have their pros and cons. For current survey, demographic information of the respondents were requested on the last subdivision of the questionnaire. This portion includes demographic information such as age, gender, cultural group, matrimonial position, old ages of work experience, making, nursing class, and section. The respondents were required to click the appropriate replies. The study questionnaire can be found in Appendix A. The two chief instruments selected for this survey have shown concept cogency and dependability based on old surveies but they have non been tested in the Malayan context. Therefore, the dependabilities of all the instruments and content cogency were tested during the pre-test. The sum-up of the questionnaire with the dislocation of subdivisions and the description of each of the survey instruments is shown in Table 3.1.

Overview of Political Geography

Overview of Political Geography Political geography is a branch of human geography (the branch of geography concerned with understanding the worlds culture and how it relates to geographic space) that studies the spatial distribution of political processes and how these processes are impacted by ones geographic location. It often studies local and national elections, international relationships and the political structure of different areas based on geography. History of Political Geography Politische Geographie Another early theory in political geography was the heartland theory. In 1904, Halford Mackinder, a British geographer, developed this theory in his article, The Geographical Pivot of History. As a part of this theory, Mackinder said that world would be divided into a Heartland consisting of Eastern Europe, a World Island made up of Eurasia and Africa, Peripheral Islands, and the New World. His theory said that whoever controlled the heartland would control the world. Both Ratzel and Mackinders theories remained important before and during World War II. By the time of the Cold War, their theories and the importance of political geography began to decline and other fields within human geography began to develop. In the late 1970s however, political geography again began to grow. Today political geography is considered one of the most important branches of human geography and many geographers study a variety of fields concerned with political processes and geography. Fields within Political Geography European Union Modern political trends also have an impact on political geography and in recent years sub-topics focused on these trends have developed within political geography. This is known as critical political geography and includes political geography focused on ideas related to feminist groups and issues gay and lesbian as well as youth communities. Examples of Research in Political Geography Ellen Churchill Semple Today political geography is also a specialty group within the Association of American Geographers and there is an academic journal called Political Geography. Some titles from recent articles in this journal include Redistricting and the Elusive Ideals of Representation, Climate Triggers: Rainfall Anomalies, Vulnerability and Communal Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa, and Normative Goals and Demographic Realities. To learn more about political geography and to see topics within the subject visit the Political Geography page here on Geography at About.com.

Medicine Essay Writing Guide Expert Advice #038; Prompt

Medicine Essay Writing Guide Expert Advice #038; Prompt Medical science performs a vital function in the well-being of the modern society as it prevents, diagnose and treat diseases. Sounds pleasantly, â€Å"This serious disease was eradicated from the world†. That’s possible due to the medical sciences. In general, medicine can be characterized as a scientific and practical activity that has the principal task to support and encourage the well-being of healthy and sick individuals. In what way? With the help the advancement of some effective prevention techniques, identification, and therapy of diseases. Students attending the medical courses study the human body in a healthy and ill state, a positive and negative impact of different conditions on the well-being. Besides, medical students get familiar with a set of physical, biochemical, biological, and technological tools for the prevention, identification, and cure of illnesses. Most professors claim that in the near future, you will become an expert in the field of medicine. Right? But keep in mind how much is behind this competency tons of assignments, books, sleepless nights, efforts to write medical essays and many other academic papers. The professional path of a doctor or a nurse is associated with the constant process of studying. It is an endless process, which starts at the medical school and continues through the working experience. Thus, it is important to have excellent medicine essay writing skills since to write medical essays is one of the most typical requirements in any medical school. The investigation of medicine creates a scientific worldview and ethical attitude of medical students to the development of medicine. Thus, medical essay writing is a pretty general assignment where you can present your in-depth understanding of the field of scientific disciplines that deal with: The functions of separate experts and scientific developments, The progress of anatomy following the socioeconomic circumstances, The advancement of natural science, technology, and social theory. How to Create a Well-Written Medical Sciences Essay First of all, you should remember that any written assignment given at high school, college or university requires a wide range of different skills developed with the help of valuable experiences such as Researching, Writing, Critical thinking, Investigation, Interpretation, Problem-solving, etc. Nonetheless, it is often challenging to figure out what issue to address on Medical Sciences. Moreover, it becomes even tougher when you do not know exactly how to compose an assignment on a particular topic. Secondly, you should realize that every academic assignment is different in word limits, structures, formats, ways of presenting the information, etc. However, there is that combines all of them an academic style that is objective, precise and formal. Besides some common academic paper requirements, some specific instructions are established by your tutors. In other words, they define how long your paper must be, what sources of information it must be based on and so on. So before writing a medical essay, examine your assignment attentively. Highlight those points that aren’t so common for paper writing. Always remember that easy medicine essay writing is possible only if you devote a considerable amount of time and energy to accomplish your academic writing. How to Choose Essay Topics on Medical Sciences It may happen that an instructor offers a free choice on what medical topic a student needs to work. Don’t be in a hurry to say, â€Å"I can choose the easiest medical topic to write an essay in the last minute†. Any medical essay topic can’t be investigated at the last moment. Moreover, if the instructor doesn’t specify the topic for a medical essay, he/she expects of you much more research. You need to choose a relevant, research-worthy and feasible topic on Medical Sciences. Keep in mind the question of a medical essay should not belong to the list of controversial topics. It is better to look for hot topics questions on the medic portal. The whole composition has to be focused on a specific issue, a message that you are trying to present to the audience. Your medical essays can reveal the topics mentioned below: 10+ Types of Allergies a Allergist Needs to Fight with in the 21st Century; Diagnosis of Rare Birth Defects: Its Effectiveness in the Intrauterine Life; 5 Differences of Stress Effects on Body, Mood and Behavior; The Interaction of Central Nervous and Endocrine Systems; 7 Actions of Adrenaline from a Benefit to a Harm; Is Medical Treatment with the Help of Spiders and Other Animals Effective? Global Immunization Action Plans: Key Challenges and Possible Solutions. Top Practical Tips for Medical Essay Writing Where to Look for Sources of the Medical Information After you determine what you are going to write on, you’d better search for some background information about the selected issue. Most students start off from score to google for this information taking into consideration all that catch their eye. However, you should identify the credible information sources for better results in academic essay writing. Your essays in the medical field must be based on the relevant and credible literature required to support all the arguments. For example, if you deal with the topic â€Å"Global Immunization Action Plans: Key Challenges and Possible Solutions†, you can give the reliable data from WHO on the proportion of those who receive and who don’t receive recommended vaccines. However, there is a global vaccine action plan that is aimed at preventing millions of deaths through more equitable access to vaccines by 2020. Besides, you can find the valuable sources for your medical essay in the libraries. The truth is that many students have the limited time to attend the library and analyze all the relevant publications. Thus, you can also observe the scholarly articles and the appropriate investigations by looking them online in the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Primarily, this way of collecting the data saves your time greatly. Additionally you can check the government-sponsored websites or websites of some medical organizations. It is easy to determine them as they usually end in .gov and .org accordingly. Such sites provide the actual links to the authoritative research studies, statistic data, information regarding different medical issues you can explore in your essay. Here are some examples of such websites: Medical Research Council. This site provides the readers with the recent announcements, data, and investigations in the field of healthcare. National Science Foundation. This website is focused on the field of medicine and healthcare providing you with the data on the health and human services and other settings. MedlinePlus. This is a source of trusted information you can consult to write an excellent essay on Medicine. National Institutes of Health. This is a website of the medical research agency that makes the important discoveries to improve the health of nations. How to Structure a Medical Essay Properly Writing essays on Medicine is an integral element of the entire learning process. At the beginning of this process, students may encounter some challenges when completing any writing assignment. In fact, writing a medical essay is a time-consuming and challenging process as a student is supposed to analyze various medical reports and other peer-reviewed sources of information in detail. At the same time, many students would like to get a good mark. Right? Be ready to do a great job and write a profound essay. Every paper in the area of medical science, including medicinal composition, should have an accurate and logical structure that is comprised of the points mentioned below: Introduction of a topic; Theoretical exposition of the issue(s); The practical section with parts of medical practice; Statements admitting the consequences of medical examination; Conclusions; List of literature used during the writing of an essay. Not to mention, you should develop the content of your medical essay with the proper formatting according to various style (APA, MLA, Harvard or Chicago). Generally speaking, writing a medical essay is similar to writing essays in the other courses. Thus, you should use the reliable sources of information, write in a sharp and organized form, and provide a strong argumentation for all points presented in an essay. The comprehensive guidelines for the proper formatting of citations will help you to write a reliable and respected composition. Some diagrams or charts can be also added if a graphic illustration contributes to the topic presentation. Usually the numerical data are given in this way. You should also check if the data and its reference are appropriate to use for your academic essay. Medicine is a systematic discipline that doesn’t forgive any soft-touch approach. It requires an entirely logical way of consideration as a human life will be in your hands. With this in mind, none of the educational assignments that must be completed by the medical students can be characterized as a secondary or trivial. Writing an essay in the field of medicine is a comprehensive academic assignment. Every feature of the medical field, beginning with the fundamental analysis and ending with practically meaningful innovations and findings, which can be summarized in an essay on Medicine, is required not only to be learned and acquired by students but also utilized in the writing process. The healthcare as a science performs the crucial functions in human life. The primary purpose of the given area is an investigation of different processes transpiring inside the human body with the aim to prevent or heal various diseases. It also investigates well-known and new conditions that arise in the process of evolution. Medicine is a crucial field for a person as the other issues do not make sense without health. As a result, medicine is not a simple field to study in. Realize the significance of the educational process before taking a medical course. And even if you have been already become a student of the medical school, take the responsibility for researching, writing well so that you can apply all your knowledge in practice. How to Outline a Medical Essay: Medicine Essay Writing Tips from Our Experts To organize an essay properly, you should compose an outline. First of all, you should arrange it in a way that is coherent and easy to follow. Determine what data corresponds to each section of an essay and integrate the information from your sources to support the arguments. Starting with an outline is also an effortless process to get started with the whole essay writing. Start with the points taken from the sources you found; Develop the outline of your medical essay in the following order: Body → Introduction → Conclusion The outline is a skeleton of your essay. So don’t worry if you have to reset it a few times to make more coherent. But it is important to deal with the essay outline exactly in this order. You need to build up the main part of your essay to know what to say in the introduction. Otherwise, you’ll have to return to the introduction every time after you add some information to the body. Don’t do double work while writing, especially if you are pressed for time. In the introduction, your task is to present the readers with the topic of your essay, the main points you are going to discuss and the perspective from which you’re going to discuss. Besides, you can offer some necessary background information, state why you are addressing this topic, and what is expected as a result of the investigation. At the end of your medical essay, write the conclusion. Tell the audience what you have discovered, why it is crucial to the medical field, and what future investigation should be done to facilitate the research. Avoid repeating data that has been previously declared in the paper in the conclusion section. You should state and paraphrase the main features of your essay in the conclusion section. You can also: State how your article adds to the medical field; Define the further applications of the ideas proposed in an essay. Pay Attention to Some Proofreading Tips That Help You Greatly Before the submission of your medical essay, you should make sure that your paper is ready for submission. Double check: If an essay is coherent and relevant to the topic suggested; If there is a logical development of ideas, i.e. from general to specific; If the essay paragraphs are complete and smoothly transited; If the sources of information are correctly cited; If it is free of any spelling or grammatical mistakes, etc. Thus, you should revise your medical essay and proofread it for any possible flaws before its submission. Look at the useful revision checklist to make sure you do all the best in your medical essay. Luckily, there are those who are more experienced in proofreading. You can give your paper a qualified editor to check the accuracy of an essay and correct some points if needed. At the same time, every student is supposed to get familiar with the world of medical publishing closer before submitting any paper on Medicine. Citing a source, from which you take the information for your essay, is a requirement needed to avoid plagiarism and add the credibility to your writing. It is accepted in the academic world not to spin out the data of thin air. Indeed, adding some citations to the text is much easier than investigating through dozens of sources before deciding, â€Å"It is exactly what I am looking for to back up an idea in my medical essay†. Keep in mind when you find what you need, state a source where an idea comes from, what the name of the author(s) is and on what page it is. It is helpful to do with the aim of quick formatting a reference list at the end of your essay. For most medical essays, it is advised to adhere to the American Medical Association (AMA) style to edit an essay properly. If you add a citation, you need to show that you use someone elses ideas with a correctly-cited source of information. Then, you demonstrate the reference list at the end of a composition to avoid ethical and legal issues such as authorship, intellectual property, and so on. You can use some citation programs to simplify the process of referencing. As you might comprehend, medical science is one of the most unrestricted modern sciences. It involves not only some experimental and analytical foundations but also practical activities presented in the academic papers. Medicine papers investigate various processes as well as makes suggestions for maintaining and strengthening the health conditions. The research at an institution of higher education needs much more effort than is required for students in other fields. To become a specialist, a medical student has to hold not only excellent persistence and critical thinking but also the great writing abilities to submit all academic papers. Nobody would ever doubt that such paperwork is necessary for every learner. The principal reason is that a well-organized medicine essay will be of service to the future professionals during their working experience.

Operations Management in Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Operations Management in Action - Essay Example These are the same operational issues affecting Zorro Organization. Operations management has the sole role responsibility of ensuring that an organization’s business operations are both efficient and effective. Efficiency is directed on reduction of wastage, delays and improvement of services and goods offered to a client such that they are of high quality. This requires designing a system that will ensure smooth running of operations. As Lee (2009) clearly puts it, the very first stage is to design an operations system. Here, Zorro Organization determines the kind of service they are going to offer as per the client’s instructions. The service to be offered in such a way that it will not overuse the organization’s resources, but it should also be operational and satisfy the customers’ needs. The next thing is planning how the resources available will be used to ensure that the service offered is up to the customer’s standards. To offer some services, more resources in terms of staff and time are required. The management plans this during this stage so that the customer gets all the required services on time. The very last stage is working with the various staff or teamwork to offer the service. This information was obtained from the human resource manager of Zorro Organization. Having looked at how the operations management system of Zorro Organization works, let us now look at some of the problems, issues and challenges it encounters. One of the major problems is globalization; there are so many regions in the world and in each region, there is a difference in operations management. Each region has its own unique strategy in operations management. This leaves the organization with the question whether their facilities in different parts of the world should use their own operation management systems or uniformity should be inherited from the mother company. For instance, in some

Leadership and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership and Management - Essay Example ader will show the way by introducing and solidifying processes and systems that ensure that organisational synergy is expended in a manner efficient enough to catalyse maximum production and attainment of organisational goals. In the absence of unfocused leadership, management strategies also become confused or ineffective. This is because it takes sound leadership to introduce and buttress sound policies and organisational practices which promote efficiency, professionalism and healthy personnel welfare. The converse is also true that sound management policies also capture, retain and nurture essential talents and skills by following the principles of sustainable talent management, for instance (Nienaber, 690-1). According to Patti, both personal and professional skills are essential for effective management. Personal skills produce sound judgement and are expended as professional skills. Though punctuality, honesty and seriousness are personal skills, a time conscious and manager is bound to inject punctuality, integrity and professionalism in his management style of running certain or all organisational processes that are under him. So integral is personal and professional skills to effective management that professional skills and effective management cannot exist in the absence of personal skills. This is because virtue and values have to start at personal level before they become organisational values. A manager who lacks personal skills or values cannot inject them into the life and processes of his organisation simply because one cannot transmit what he does not have (Patti, et al, 263). Leadership style impacts effective management and organisational objectives since values that help in the attainment proceed from leadership. Effective leadership styles facilitate, influence, motivate and lead employees to adopt organisational and professional culture and approaches. These approaches are translated into effective management. For instance, leadership